What is EDS?

Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 inherited conditions that affect connective tissues, resulting from genetic mutations that alter the behavior of these tissues in the body. Each type of EDS has unique symptoms, but common traits include joint hypermobility (excessive joint movement), skin hyperextensibility (skin that stretches more than usual), and tissue fragility (greater susceptibility to damage). The most common form, hypermobile EDS (hEDS), affects about 1 in 3,100 to 5,000 individuals, though its genetic cause is still unknown.

The symptoms of EDS can vary widely, even among people with the same type. Typical issues include joint instability, pain, fatigue, problems with the autonomic nervous system, mast cell activation disorders, digestive issues, headaches, and anxiety. Symptoms may come and go, and not all patients experience them consistently.

Key Symptoms:

• Joint Hypermobility: Joints move beyond their normal range of motion, leading to instability, dislocations, and ongoing pain.

• Skin Hyperextensibility: Skin stretches more than usual, often accompanied by other skin issues like unusual texture, fragility, slow wound healing, and scarring.

• Tissue Fragility: Tissues and organs are more easily damaged, resulting in frequent bruising and poor healing.

Diagnosis: Each type of EDS has specific diagnostic criteria. While genetic testing can confirm most types, it cannot yet be used to diagnose hEDS, as its genetic cause remains unidentified. If a person has joint hypermobility but doesn’t meet the criteria for EDS, they may be diagnosed with a hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD).

Reference

"Ehlers-Danlos Society." What is EDS? Ehlers-Danlos Society, https://www.ehlers-danlos.com/what-is-eds/. Accessed 10 Aug. 2024.